Ph. D. Eligibility Test – TEST PATTERN
The eligibility test will be of 90 minutes duration and question paper consists of 100 objective (multiple choice only) type questions
1. Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
2. Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of defining the Problem.
3. Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design. Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure
4. Aptitude: Coding and decoding, blood relations, time and distance, simple and compound interest, Permutation and combination, number system, odd man out.
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS: Propositional and first-order logic. Sets, relations, functions, partial orders, and lattices. Groups. Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring. Combinatorics: counting, recurrence relations, generating functions.
PROGRAMMING &DATA STRUCTURES WITH ALGORITHMS:Programming in C. Recursion. Arrays,stack, queue, list, set, string, tree, binary search tree, heap, graph, tree and graph traversals, connected components, spanning trees, shortest paths, hashing, sorting, searching, design techniques (greedy, dynamic, divide and conquer), asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average cases) of time and space, upper and lower bounds.
DIGITAL LOGICS &COMPUTER ORGANIZATION:Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates,Synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits. Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and control, memory interface, I/O interface (cache, main and secondary storage. data path and hardwired), serial communication interface, cache, main and secondary storage.
OPERATING SYSTEMS: Classical concepts (concurrency, synchronization, deadlock), processes, threads and inter-process communication, CPU scheduling, memory management, file systems.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: Definition, relational model, database design, E-R diagrams, integrity constraints, normal forms, Relational Algebra, query languages (SQL).
DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS: ISO/OSI stack, transmission media, data encoding, multiplexing, flow and error control, LAN technologies, network devices – switches, gateways, routers, ICMP, application layer protocols – SMTP, POP3, HTTP, DNS, FTP, Telnet.
THEORY OF COMPUTATION: Finite automata, Regular expressions, Context-free grammars and push-down automata. Regular and context-free languages, pumping lemma. Turing machines and undecidability.
Signals &Systems: Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, Laplace Transforms; sampling theorem and applications,Discrete-time signals: discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), DFT, Z-transform; LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution.
Electronic Devices: P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED; Integrated circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography and twin-tub CMOS process.
Analog circuits: Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits: clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Single-stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, bias stability, mid-frequency small signal analysis and frequency response; BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, Simple opamp circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation.
Digital circuits: Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: minimization of switching functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, multiplexers, decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip‐flops, counters, shift‐registers and finite state machines; Data converters: Semiconductor memories.
Communications: Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems; Analog and digital modulation schemes; matched filter receiver, calculation of bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation; Timing and frequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its mitigation; Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.
Electromagnetics: Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector; Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth; Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and directivity, return loss, antenna arrays; Basics of radar;
Microprocessor & micro controller: 8085 & 8086 microprocessors-architecture, instruction set, addressing modes, 8051 microcontroller- architecture, modes of operation, interrupt structure, memory and I/O interfacing. Embedded systems-general purpose processors, state machine and concurrent process models, RTOs.
Networks: D.C. and A.C. circuits –R,L,C elements, KVL, KCL, loop and nodal analysis, source transformation, stardelta transformation, Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s, Norton’s, Maximum power transfer theorems, time response of circuits, complex power, resonance, steady state analysis, Transient analysis, two port networks, solution of balanced and unbalanced 3-φ circuits.
Electrical Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; indicating instruments – PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer, electrostatic and induction type meters, ammeters and voltmeters, errors in indicating instruments; wattmeter, energy meter and other measuring instruments – measurement of power, energy and power factor and frequency, errors and compensation, Transducers.
Analog and Digital circuits: Diode circuits, clippings, Rectifiers, Amplifiers, Biasing, combinational sequential logic circuits, Multiplexers, demultiplexers, A/D and D/A converters.
Control Systems: Transfer function, block diagrams, servo and stepper motors, error constants, stability, Routh and Niquist criterion, Bode plots, root loci, lag, lead and lead-lag compensation, PD, PI & PID controllers, state space model, state transition matrix, controllability and observability.
Electrical Machines: Energy conversion principles; DC machines – types, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, testing and speed control of dc motors; three phase induction motors – principles, types, performance characteristics, starting testing and speed control, single phase induction motors; synchronous machines – performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, synchronous motor starting, characteristics and applications; single phase transformer – equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, testing, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers.
Power Systems: Generation of electrical Power; transmission line parameters; sag calculations; insulators and cables; economic operation; AC and DC distribution systems, symmetrical components and fault analysis; load flow analysis; steady-state and transient stability analysis; load frequency control; circuit breakers and protective relays; basics of HVDC transmission and FACTS; power quality.
Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes and power transistors; thyristors family – SCR, Triac, GTO, MOSFET and IGBTs; SCRs – gatecharacteristics, static and dynamic characteristics, triggering circuits, phase control rectifiers, choppers, inverters, ac to ac converters; basis concepts and control of dc and ac drives; electrical traction.
Structural Analysis: Analysis of statically determinate trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames, displace- ments in statically determinate structures and analysis of statically indeterminate structures by force / energy methods, analysis by displacement methods (slope deflection and moment distribution methods), influence lines for determinate and indeterminate structures. Basic concepts of matrix methods of structural analysis.
Strength of Materials : Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beam. Simple stress and strain relationship: Stress and strain in two dimensions, principal stresses, stress transformation, Mohr’ s circle Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, unsymmetrical bending, shear centre. Thin walled pressure vessels, uniform torsion, buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses.
Steel Structures: Analysis and design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases. Connections- simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses Plastic analysis of beams and frames, IS Code provisions.
Concrete Structures: Concrete Technology- properties of concrete, basics of mix design – Special Concretes – Concrete design basic working stress and limit state design concepts, analysis of ultimate load capacity and design of members subjected to flexure, shear, compression and torsion by limit state methods. Basic elements of prestressed concrete, analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads, IS Code provisions.
Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soil classification, three – phase system, fundamental definitions; relationship and interrelationships, permeability and seepage, effective stress principle, consolidation, compaction, shear strength.
Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations- scope, drilling bore holes, sampling, penetration test plate load test. Earth pressure theories, effect of water table, layered soils. Stability of slopes- infinite slopes finite slopes. Foundation types-foundation design requirements. Shallow foundations- bearing capacity effect of shape, water table and other factors, stress distribution, settlement analysis in sands and clays. Deep foundations – pile types, dynamic and static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, negative skin friction.
Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics: Properties of fluids, principle of conservation of mass, momentum, energy and corresponding equations, potential flow, applications of momentum and Bernoulli’ s equation, laminar and turbulent flow, flow in pipes, pipe networks. Concept of boundary layer and its growth. Uniform flow, critical flow and gradually varied flow in channels, specific energy concept, hydraulic jump. Forces on immersed bodies, flow measurements in channels, tanks and pipes. Dimensional analysis and hydraulic modeling. Kinematics of flow, velocity triangles and specific speed of pumps and turbines.
Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, rainfall, evaporation, infiltration, stage discharge relationships, unit hydrographs, flood estimation, reservoir capacity, reservoir and channel routing. Well hydraulics.
Irrigation: Duty, delta, estimation of evapo-transpiration. Crop water requirements. Design of: lined and unlinedcanals, waterways, head works, gravity dams and spillways. Design of weirs on permeable foundation. Types of irrigation system, irrigation methods. Water logging and drainage, sodic soils.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Water requirements: Quality standards, basic unit processes and operations for water treatment. Drinking water standards, water requirements, basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment, distribution of water. Sewage and sewerage treatment, quantity and characteristics of wastewater. Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater, sludge disposal, effluent discharge standards. Domestic wastewater treatment, quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater, sludge disposal.
Air Pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution meteorology, air pollution control, air quality standards and limits.
Municipal Solid Wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal).
Noise Pollution: Impacts of noise, permissible limits of noise pollution, measurement of noise and control of noise pollution.
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
Highway Planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials, design of flexible and rigid pavements
Traffic Engineering: Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design, highway capacity.
Ph. D. Eligibility Test-2022 – TEST PATTERN
The eligibility test will be of 90 minutes duration and question paper consists of 100 objective (multiple choice only) type questions
Pharmacy Syllabus
PHARMACEUTICS
(b) Physical Pharmaceutics: States of mater, Physical properties of drug molecules, pH, buffers and isotonic solution, solubility phenomena, surface tension, interfacial phenomenon, Kinetics, Rheology, Micromeretics & powder flow, Diffusion and dissolution, Colloids, Complexation and protein binding,dispersion systems
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY
PHARMACOLOGY
(b) Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System: Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic and somatic), Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, Adrenergic receptor and neuron blocking agents, Ganglion stimulants and blocking agents, Neuromuscular blocking Agents, Local anesthetic Agents.
(c) Pharmacology of Central Nervous System: Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S., General Anesthetics, Alcohols and disulfiram, Sedatives, Hypnotics, Anti-anxiety agents and Centrally acting muscle relaxants, Psychopharmacological agents (anti-psychotics), antimaniacs, and hallucinogens, Antidepressants, Anti-epileptics drugs, Anti-Parkinsonism drugs, Analgesics, Antipyretics, Narcotic analgesics and antagonists, C.N.S. stimulants, Drug Addiction and Drug Abuse.
(b) Drugs acting on urinary system: Fluid and electrolyte balance, Diuretics. Anti-diuretics; Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System: Anti-asthmatic drugs including bronchodilators, Anti-tussives and expectorants, Respiratory stimulants.
(c) Drugs acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract: Antacids, Anti-secretory and Anti-ulcer drugs, Laxatives and anti-diarrhoeal drugs, Appetite Stimulants and Suppressants, Emetics and anti-emetics, Miscellaneous: Carminatives, demulcents, protectives, adsorbents, astringents, digestants, enzymes and mucolytics.
(b) Chemotherapy: General Principles of Chemotherapy, Bacterial resistance; Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, Anticancer drugs, Antibiotics- Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Quinolones, fluoroquinolones and Miscellaneous antibiotics; Chemotherapy of tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, viral diseases, HIV and AIDS.
Ph. D. Eligibility Test-2022 – TEST PATTERN
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of defining the Problem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design. Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Measures Of Central Tendency – Mean, Median And Mode Of Grouped Data, Variance, Standard Deviation, Standard Error, Graphical Representation Of Data, Correlation And Regression Probability In Biology, Normal, Binomial, Poisson Distribution. Student’s T-Test, Chi-Square Test.Aqueous Solutions (Molarity, Molality And Normality), Acid And Bases, Buffers, Calculation Of Equilibrium Constants, Oxidation and Reduction Reactions, Radioactivity (Specific Activity Half Life And Isotope Dilution And Dual Labeling) And Beer Lamberts Laws. Enzyme Units and Specific Activity Of Enzymes, Km And Vmax, EnzymeInhibitors.
Principles, Instrumentation and Applications Of VIS, UV Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
Separation Methods: Chromatography And Electrophoresis; Principles And Applications Of Different Types Of Chromatography (Partition, Adsorption, Ion Ex Change, Affinity Etc.,). Instrumentation And Applications Of HPLC, GC, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy And MS (MALDI-TOF). Principle And Applications Of Electrophoresis. Agarose and SDSPAGE. Disc GelElectrophoresis, Isoelectricfocusing, 2DElectrophoresis,CapillaryElectrophoresisAndPFGE.DNASequencingAndTransferTechniques.
Use Of Databases; Data Mining, DNA Sequence Databases, Protein Sequence And Structure Databases, Comparing DNA Sequences, Alignment, Multiple Sequence Alignments, Clustalw.
Genomics; HUGO & HGP; Strategies For Sequencing Genomes, Shotgun Sequencing, Physical Maps, Ests And Hierarchical Sequencing Micro-Arrays For Sequencing And Resequencing, Snps And Human Disease.
Proteomics: Comparing Protein Sequences, Alignment, Predicting Secondary Structure – AbInitio,Homology Folding, Threading. MS
Cell Division And Cell Cycle, Fundamental Aspects Of Cell Culture, Apoptosis, Stem Cells And Their Medical Applications, Discovery Of Oncogenes, Proto-Oncogenes, Discovery Of Tumor Suppressor Genes.
Cell Communication And Type Of Signaling Molecules (Hydrophobic And Hydrophilic), Types Of Receptors And Their Structures, Second Messengers – Ca, Phosphoinositides, And Camp.
Metabolism; Carbohydrate, Lipid And Nuclei Acid Metabolism. Associated Disorders.
Mechanism of Enzyme catalysis.
Immunonology; Overview And Elements Of Immune System, Antibodies – Structure Of Ig, Function Of Various Domains, Antigen Antibody Interactions – Avidity, Affinity, Idiotypes, Generation Of Antibody Diversity, Cytokines, Interferons And Autoimmunity,
Immunological techniques (basic and applied)
Replication Transcription And Translation In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes: Models Of Replication – Random, Conservative, Semiconservative, DNA Polymerases In E. Coli & Mammals, Replication Of Circular Chromosomes -Φx174, E. ColiReplication Of Linear Chromosomes, Telomeres, Telomerases. DNA Damage, Repair and Recombination.
Transcription And Translation, Protein Synthesis, Sorting, Targeting And Degradation.
Regulation Of Gene Expression; Operon Concept, +Ve& -Ve Control -Lac Operon, Chromatin Structure In Active And Inactive Regions – DNA Methylation, Transcriptional Control – Cell Specific Expression – Promoters, Enhancers, DNA Binding Proteins, Regulation By SiRNA.
Scope and importance of Microbiology Classification of microbial world according to two kingdoms three kingdoms five kingdoms three domains Outlines of bacterial classification according to bergeys manual of systemic bacteriology Microbial techniques Sterilization Staining and isolations.Recombinant DNA Technology: Plasmids And Vectors, DNA Modifying Enzymes, Restriction Endonucleases, Genomic And Cdna Libraries, Reporter Genes And Fusion Proteins.Molecular techniques.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of defining the Problem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design. Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
PART-A
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
PART B
Metal-ligand bonding: Crystal field theory – crystal field splitting patterns in octahedral, tetrahedral tetragonal, square planar, square pyramidal and trigonalbipyramidal geometries- Determination of crystal field splitting energy – calculation of crystal field stabilization energies – Factors affecting crystal field splitting energies- spectrochemical series – MLCT and LMCT transitions in coordination compounds – Jahn-Teller effect –Molecular Orbital theory – ligand field theory.
Electronic spectra: Term symbols – Russell – Saunders coupling – derivation of term symbols for various configurations – Spectroscopic ground states – selection rules -correlation diagrams; Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1-d9 states) – calculations of Dq, B and β parameters – charge transferspectra.
Metal-Ligand Equilibria in solutions: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction -Trends in successive formation constants – Factors effecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand – The chelate effect – Determination of formation constants by pH metry and spectrophotometry – The Irving-Williams series.
Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions-I: Energy profile of reaction – reactivity of metal complexes – Inert and labile complexes – Substitution reactions in octahedral complexes: kinetics
of octahedral substitution, acid hydrolysis, factors affecting acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, conjugate base mechanism, anation reactions, reactions without metal ligand bond cleavage – Substitution reactions in square planar complexes – The trans effect in Pt(II) complexes – Polarisation and π-bonding theories of trans effect.
Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions-II: Oxidation-reduction reactions- classification of redox reactions – mechanism of one electron transfer reactions – Inner sphere redox reactions – outer sphere redox reactions – mixed inner and outer sphere reactions – two equivalent-one equivalent reactions of thallium(III)-thallium(I) and Hg(I)-Hg(II).
Bioinorganic Chemistry: Metal ions in Biology; Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes- ionophores; Photosynthesis; Nitrogen fixation; Oxygen uptake proteins – hemoglobin and myoglobin; Electron transfer proteins – Cytochromes and Ferrodoxins; Inorganic medicinal compounds – superoxide dismutage mimics, vanadium based diabetic drugs and platinum containing anticanceragents.
Organometallic Chemistry: Introduction, Nomenclature, the 18-electron rule. Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structural elucidation, important reactions of metal carbonyls; preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; tertiary phosphine as ligand; Metallocenes-ferrocene; Catalysis by organometallic compounds – hydrogenation, hydroformylation, andpolymerization.
Metal Clusters: Higher boranes, carboranes, metalloboranes and metallocarboranes. Metal compounds with metal-metal multiple bonds. Preparation, properties and structures of Re2Cl82-, Mo2Cl84-, Re2(RCOO)4X2, Cr2Cl93-, W2Cl93-, Re3Cl9, Re3Cl123-, Mo6Cl84+, Nb6Cl122+.
Solid State and Structural Chemistry: Crystal structures – close packing, body centered and primitive structures; Symmetry in crystals, Crystallographic point groups; Description of structures – AB structures (NaCl, CsCl, ZnS), AB2 structures (Rutile, Fluorite), A2B3 structures (β-Al2O3), ABO3 structures (perovskite) and AB2O4Spinels.
Nature of bonding in Organic Molecules: Localised and delocalised covalent bond, concept of aromaticityannulenes and hetero annulenes, inductive and mesomeric effects. Huckel’s rule for aromaticity in benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, anti-aromaticity and homo-aromaticity. Introduction to types of organic reactions and reactive intermediates.
Stereochemistry and Stereoisomerism: Conformational isomerism and analysis in acyclic and simple cyclic systems – substituted ethanes, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclo octane and decalins. Optical isomerism – optical activity -molecular dissymmetry and chirality (Chiral centre, chiral axis, chiral plane), elements of symmetry. Fisher’s projection D,L. and R,S. configurations – relative and absolute configurations, optical isomerism due toasymmetriccarbon atoms, optical isomerism in biphenyls, allenes and spirans. Optical isomerism of nitrogenous compounds, racemisation and resolution – geometrical isomerism and E,Z configurations, properties of geometrical isomers. Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures, R-S-nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acylic and cyclic systems inter conversions of Fisher, Newman and Saw-horse projections.
Addition Mechanisms: Addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Addition reactions involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals, cyclic mechanisms, orientation and stereochemistry.
Rearrangements: Classification and general mechanistic treatment of nucleophilic, free radical and electrophilic rearrangements, Wagner–Meerwein, Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement, Neber, Hofmann, Stevens ,Wittig and Fries rearrangements.
Natural Products: Isolation, structure elucidation and synthesis of alkaloids: atropine, nicotine, papaverine, purines: caffeine. flavonoids: quercetin: genestein. terpenoids: citral ,α- terpeneol, camphor.
Aliphatic and Aromatic Substitution Reactions: Nucleophilic – The SN2, SN1, SNi and SET mechanisms, neighbouring group participation, anchimeric assistance, classical and non classicalcarbocations, phenonium ions, norbornyl system, allylic, aliphatic, trigonal and vinylic carbon, factors effecting substitutions.Electrophilic – SE1, SE2 and SEi Mechanisms and related effects.
Elimination Reactions: The E2, E1 and E1cB mechanisms and their orientation of the double bond. Reactivity-effects of substrate structure, attacking base, leaving group and the medium.Stereochemistry of eliminations in acyclic and cyclic systems, orientation in eliminations – Saytzeff and Hoffman elimination, Regio and stereo selectivity reactions.
Basic concepts of some organic reactions: Aldol, Stobbe, Cannizaro, Wittig, Grignard, Reformatsky Reactions. Openauer oxidation, Clemmensen reduction , Birch reductions, Michael addition, Mannich Reaction, Diels – Alder reaction, Ene-reaction, Bayer -Villiger Reaction, Wolf-Kishner reduction, Favorskii reaction, Chichibabin reaction. Vilsmeier, Robinson annulation.
Synthesis and Reactivity of the compounds with one heteroatom: Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Indole, Benzofuran and Benzothiophene.Synthesis and Reactivity of the compounds with more than one heteroatom Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Isoxazole, Thiazole, Isothiazole, Pyridazine, Pyrimidine ,Pyrazine and Purine.
Organic Synthesis: Synthesis, reactions, mechanisms and selectivity involving the following classes of compounds – alkenes, alkynes, arenes, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitriles, halides, nitro compounds, amines and amides. Uses of Mg, Li, Cu, B, Zn and Si based reagents in organic synthesis.
Carboncarbon bond formation through coupling reactions – Heck, Suzuki, Stille and Sonogoshira.Selectivity in organic synthesis – chemo, region and stereoselectivity.Protection and deprotection of functional groups.Concepts of asymmetric synthesis – resolution (including enzymatic), desymmetrization and use of chiral auxilliaries.Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions through enolates (including boron enolates), enamines and silylenol ethers.Michael addition reaction.Stereoselective addition to C=O groups (Cram and FelkinAnh models).
Pericyclic Reactions and Photochemistry: Electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions. Orbital correlations – FMO and PMO treatments. Photochemistry of alkenes, arenes and carbonyl compounds. Photooxidation and photoreduction.Diπmethane rearrangement and Barton reaction.
Theories of reaction rates– Collision theory, Arrhenious reaction; Theory of absolute reaction rates-Reaction coordinate, transition state, thermodynamic formulation of reaction rates; Unimolecular reactions- Lindemann’s theory and RRKM theory; Reactions in solution– primary and secondary salt effects, effect of solvent on reaction rate; effect of substituent on reactionrate
Catalysis: Homogeneous catalysis- acid-base catalysis- mechanism of acid-base catalysis – Enzyme catalysis- Michaelis-Menten kinetics – Heterogeneous catalysis- Langmuir adsorption isotherm- unimolecular and bimolecular reactions-catalytic poisoning-active centers, surface area-determination of surface area with BET equation.
Complex reactions: Opposing, parallel and consecutive reactions (all first order type)- derivation of rate-law, Chain reactions- derivation of rate-laws for H2-Cl2 and H2-Br2 reactions; Fast reactions-study of fast reactions by flow methods and relaxationmethods.
Second law of thermodynamics– concept of entropy-entropy change in reversible process and irreversible process-entropy of mixing; Fugacity: concept-Determination- Variation of fugacity with pressure; concept of partial molar properties- chemical potential-significance-variation with preassure and temperature- Gibbs-Duhem equation; Van’t Hoff reaction isotherm, Claussius- Claperyon equation
Third law of thermodynamics– Nernst heat theorem-determination of absolute entropy- limitations of third law of thermodynamics; Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Diracstatistics, Partition function-rotational, translational, vibrational and electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules.
Electrochemical cells: Measurement of EMF-Nernst equation-effect of complexation on electrode potential; Polarization-Decomposition potential and overvoltage- Factors affecting overvoltage- Importance of over-voltage; Activity and activity coefficients- determination of mean ionic activity coefficient by EMF method; Debye-Huckel limiting law (DHLL) and its verification, Extended Debye-Huckel law; Debye-Huckel-Onsagar equation(derivation not required)-verification and its limitations.Applications: Batteries-primary and secondary cells – lechlanche cell, lead acid storage battery, Nickel-Cadmium cell; Fuel cells-Oxygen-hydrogen fuel cell; Corrosion- theories of dry and wet corrosion-different forms of corrosion- prevention and control of corrosion – cathodic protection- sacrificial anodic and impressed current methods- inhibitors-anodic and cathodic inhibitors; protective coatings-galvanising and tinning
Adsorption:Gibbs adsorption isotherm, types of adsorption isotherms, physisorption and chemisorption, , Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. BET equation (derivation not required) and surface area determination. Kinetics of surface reactions involving adsorbed species, Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism,
Micelles :Surface active agents- classification- critical micellar concentration (CMC)- factors affecting the CMC of surfactants- determination of cmc. Solubilisation-factors influencing the solubilisation.Micellization-thermodynamics of micellization.Micro emulsions- comparision of microemulsions with conventional emulsions-applications. Reverse micelles.
Polymer chemistry :Basic concepts- monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization, linear, branched and network polymers, classification of polymers. Polymerization-Free radical, ionic and co-ordination polymerization.Kinetics of condensation (step-growth), free-radical and ionic polymerizations. Physical characterization: Number and mass average molecular weights (Mn, Mw), Determination of molecular masses – Osmometry, viscometry and light scattering methods
Wave equation-interpretation of wave function-properties of wave function-normalization and orthogonalisation, operators-linear and non linearcommutators of operators.Postulates of quantum mechanics, setting up of operators observables- Hermitian operator-Eigen values of Hermitian operator Particle in one dimensional box.
Particle in a three dimensional box, rigid rotor, wave mechanics of systems with variable potential energy- simple harmonic oscillator- solution of wave equation-selection rules.
Approximation methods: Perturbation theory- application to ground state energy of Helium atom; Variation principle-applications- calculation of zero point energy of harmonic oscillator. Many electron atom-Hartee-Fock Self consistent field method (qualitative treatment only).
Bonding in molecules: Born-Oppenheimer approximation- Hydrogen molecule ion, LCAO-MO and VB treatments of the hydrogen molecule (fundamental concepts only); electron density, forces and their role in chemical bonding.Hybridization and valence MOs of H2O, NH3 and CH4.Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to Ethylene, Butadiene and Benzene.
Symmetry and Group Theory in Chemistry: Symmetry elements and symmetry operations and point groups, Schoenflles symbols, classification of molecules into point groups, Axioms of group theory, group multiplication tables for C2v and C3v point groups, representations- reducible and irreducible representations, Mulliken symbols, orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its implications, Character table and itsanatomy.
Spectroscopy-Unifying Principles: Electromagnetic radiation- interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter- absorption, emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion and scattering Polarization: polarization of light; plane of vibration,plane of polarization, optical activity, factors effecting the angle of rotation, specific rotation, optical rotator dispersion and circular dichroism, cotton effect .
Vibrational and rotational Spectroscopy : Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules- rigid rotor-selection rules- calculation of bond length- isotopic effect- second order stark effect and its applications, infrared spectra of diatomic molecules-harmonic and anharmonic oscillators- Selection rules- overtones-combination bands-calculation of force constant-anharmonicity constant and Zero point energy . Fermi resonance, simultaneous vibration-rotation spectra of diatomic molecules .
Raman Spectroscopy: Raman effect-Classical and quantum mechanical explanations- pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra- selection rules, mutual exclusion principle.
Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules- vibrational course structure- intensity of spectral lines- Franck-Condon principle –applications- rotational fine structure –band head and band shading- charge transferspectra.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic principles, zero field splitting- factors affecting the ‘g’ value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine coupling constants- experimental technique – applications of ESR studies:deuterium,methyl free radical,benzene free radical,parabenzo semi quinine, copper phthalo cyanine, chloroform,hemoglobin, glycene and alanine.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Unit I: Data Structures: Understanding of fundamental data structures- Lists, Stacks, Queues, Heaps, Trees, Graphs and their applications. Searching and Sorting Techniques.
Unit II: Operating Systems: Functions, Types of OS, Operating System Structure, Services, System Boot, Process, CPU Scheduling, Process Synchronization, Deadlocks, Memory Management, File Access Methods, Unix Structure and Simple Commands.
Unit III: Object Oriented Programming: Principles of Object Oriented Programming, C++ Tokens, Expressions, Control Structures, Functions in C++, Classes and Objects, Constructors and Destructors, Operator Overloading, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Exception Handling.
Unit IV: Database Management System: Introduction, Data Models, Schemas and Instance, ThreeSchema Architecture and Data Independence, E-R Diagrams, Relational Model, Database Design, Integrity Constraints, Normal Forms, SQL Queries.
Research Methodology:Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem:What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem.
Research Designing:Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design :Census and Sample Survey, Implications of Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sapling Procedure.
Real Analysis :Finite, countable and uncountable sets, Metric spaces, compact sets, perfect sets, connected sets. Limits of functions, continuous functions, continuous and compactness, continuity and connectedness, discontinuities, monotone functions, infinite limits and limits at infinity.The Continuity of Derivatives, Derivatives of Higher Order-Taylor’s Theorem, Differentiation of Vector-valued Functions.Definition and Existence of the Integral-Properties of the Integral-Integration and Differentiation.
Complex Analysis :Analytic functions and harmonic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, sufficient conditions. Contour integration, Cauchy-Goursat theorem antiderivatives, Integral representation for analytic functions, theorems of Morera and Liouville, uniform convergence of series, Taylor and Laurent series representations, singularities, zeros and poles, Applications of Taylor and Laurent series.
Differential Equations :Ordinary differential equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary differential equations, singular solutions of first order ordinary differential equations, Boundary value problems. Partial Differential equations : Lagrange and Charpits methods.
Linear Algebra :Vector spaces, subspaces ,quotient spaces ,linear independence and linear dependence, Bases and dimension, kernel, range, isomorphism, Matrix representation of linear transformation, dual spaces Cayley Hamilton theorem, Canonical forms, Inner product spaces.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Unit I :Morphology and ultrastructure of microorganisms. Sterilization techniques, Types of media, cultivation of microbes, preservation of microbial cultures, Microscopy, staining techniques, bacterial growth kinetics.Fermented foods, SCP, food microbiology.Biofertilizers, Biopesticides. Microbial ecology, Extremophiles.Design and types of fermentors, upstream and downstream processing.
Unit II : Classification, chemistry, properties and functions of metabolism Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids –of carbohydrates, amino acids, Enzymes : classification, nomenclature, assay & kinetics. Ribozymes and abzymes.Enzyme inhibition.Enzyme purification.Centrifugation, chromatographic techniques andelectrophoresis.
Unit III :Types of immunity. Antigens & antibody, Ag-Ab reactions.The complement system. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) restriction. Hypersensitive reactions, Autoimmunity. Immunodeficiency diseases, MABs.; Immunization. Major infectious diseases.Antimicrobial agents, new emergingpathogens.
Unit IV :Microbial genetics- genome organisation, DNA structure function, mutations and repairs, recombination in bacteria. Recombinant DNA technology, Blotting techniques. PCR.Cloning vectors.Genomic / gene libraries.DNA sequencing methods.Restriction mapping.Microarrays.Transgenic organisms.Gene therapy.Bioethics.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Unit-I :Classical, Quantum and Statistical Mechanics Classical Mechanics
D-Alembert’s Principle, lagrange’s equation, hamilton’s equation of motion and conservation theorems. Euler angles, canonical transformation and poisson brackets.
Quantum Mechanics :General formalism of wave mechanics, schrodinger’s wave equation, angular momentum operators, time independent and dependent perturbation theory. Scattering phenomena, differential – cross section and Born approximation.
Statistical Mechanics :Postulates of statistical mechanics, probability calculations and general interaction between systems. Ensemble- its types- probability calculations, mean energies and dispersions of ensembles. Quantum Statistics .Equation of state for Ideal Bose and Fermi gas, Bose -Einstien condensation, theory of white dwarf stars.
Unit-II : Electrodynamics
Electromotive force-ohm’s law, Motional EMF, electromagnetic induction –Faraday laws, induced electric field, inductance, energy in magnetic fields. Maxwell equations-magnetic charge, Maxwell’s equations in matter, charge and energy equation, Poynting theorem in electromagnetic theory.
Unit-III :Solid State Physics & Nuclear Physics
Crystal structure, latticevibrations -mono and diatomic,specific heat theories- Einstein’s and Debye’s theories. Energy bands in solids- Kronig Penney model, concept of effective mass. Polarisability- theory of electronic, ionic and orientational polarization and classification of magnetic materials.
Nuclear Physics: General properties of nuclei, scattering of α-particles – Experimental verification – Nuclear size – Theories of nuclear composition,– Binding energy – semi empirical mass formula and applications. Interaction of gamma rays with matter – photo electric effect, Compton effect, pair production. Detection of nuclear radiation- ionization chamber and proportional counter. Nuclear fission and fusion
Unit-IV : Low dimensional Physics and ElectronicsElectromagnetic Spectrum, molecular energies, classification of molecules, rotational, vibrational and vibrational-rotational spectra of diatomic molecules, characteristic group absorptions, IR spectrometer, electronic spectra, frank condon principle. Hydrogen atom-spectrum, orbital angular momentum, larmor precession, Stern and gerlach experiment, Energy levels and transitions in helium atom, normal and anomalous zeeman effect.
Electronics:Basics of semiconductor, semiconductor diodes, transistors, rectifiers, amplifiers, active Filters and oscillators. Basics of OPAMPs and their applications.Basics of digital electronics.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Convergence of a sequence of events. Borel – Cantelli lemma, Borel 0-1 law and statement of Kolmogorov 0-1 law with applications. Convergence of a sequence of random variables.Convergence in law, in probability, with probability one and in quadratic mean and other inter-relationships.Convergence in law of Xn + Yn, XnYn and Xn/Yn.Definition and examples of weak law of large numbers.Khintchene’s theorem and strong law of large numbers.
Statement of CLT. Lindberg-Levy and Liapunov forms of central limit theorems, statement of Lindberg – Feller form of CLT with simple illustrations.
Stochastic processes with examples. Markov Chains transition probability matrix and classification of states of a Markov chain with examples.
Multivariate normal distribution and its marginal and conditional distribution with examples.Simple correlation and lines of regression.
Introduction of selecting the best regression equation, all possible regressions: backward, stepwise regression procedures. Variations on these methods.Ridge and robust regression procedures.Probit and logit analysis, Introduction to non-linear regression model building, least squares in non-linear case, estimating the parameters, non-linear growth models.Statement of Cochran’s theorem for quadratic forms, analysis of variance one – way classification model, two – way classification model with one – observation per cell with more than one (equal) observations per cell with interaction. Fisher’s least significance difference (LSD) method.Analysis of covariance one-way and two – way classification.Fundamental principles of experimental designs. Analysis of completely randomized design (CRD), Randomized Block Design (RBD), and Latin Square design (LSD). Analysis of RBD and LSD with one and more than one observation missing.
Estimation of main effects, interactions and analysis of 22 , 23 , 24 , 2n and 32 factorial experiments. Total and partial confounding of 22 , 23 , 24 and 32 factorial designs. Concept of balanced partial confounding. Fractional factorial designs. Split plot design and its analysis.
Balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) – parametric relations, Intra – block analysis and recovery of inter block information. Partially balanced incomplete block design with two associate classes (PBIBD (2)) – parametric relations and intra –block analysis. Youden Square design, Lattice design and intra – block analysis of simple lattice design.
Sequencing: Optimal sequence of ‘n’ jobs on two and three machines without passing.
Non–linear programming problem – Formulation, generalized Lagrange multiplier technique, Kuhn – Tucker necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality of an NLPP.
Game theory: 2 person zero sum game, pure strategies with saddle point, principles of dominance and games without saddle point.
Introduction to simulation, generation of random numbers for uniform, Normal, Exponential, Cauchy and Poisson distributions.Estimating the reliability of the random numbers, simulation to queuing and inventory problem.
Queuing Theory: Introduction, essential features of Queuing system, Operating characteristics of Queuing system (transient and steady states). Queue length, General relationships among characteristics. Probability distribution in queuing systems, distribution of Arrival and inter arrival. Distribution of death (departure) process, service time .Classification of Queuing models and solution of Queuing models; M/M/1: ∞/FIFO and M/M/1: N/FIFO. Integer Programming Problem: Gomory’s cutting plane algorithm for pure and mixed IPP; Branch and bound Technique.
Research Methodology: Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology.
Defining the Research Problem: What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining theProblem.
Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design.
Sampling Design: Census and Sample Survey, Implications of a Sample Design, Steps in Sampling Design, Criteria of Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
Unit-I : Introduction to Management – Management though – functions and principals of management:Planning–Planningpremises,typeandstepsinplanning–Decisionmakingand forecasting, steps in decision making – Management by objectives (MBO) and decision tree analysis – organizing structure, type of organizations, Principals of Organizing, Delegations, and Decentralization of authority – line and staff functions – leading-leadership, styles of leadership, Theories of leadership – Blake and Mouton’s Managerial grid- Motivation, process, Maslow’s McGregor and Hertzberg theories of Motivation – Controlling – Importance, Process of Controlling – Techniques ofcontrolling.
Unit –II : Concepts in HRM; Human Resource planning –objectives, process and techniques-job analysis-job description-selecting human resource-induction, training and development- performance appraisal and evaluation- job evaluations industrial relations and trade unions- labour welfare and social security measures.
Unit III : Financial management -Nature and scope of Financial Management-Time Value of Money- ValuationConceptsandModels-RiskandReturn-FinancialStatement&itsAnalysis-statement ofchangesinFinancialPosition-CashFlowstatement-RatioAnalysis-FinancialPlanning-cost of capital- Form of Capital Structure: Capital structure- Leverages-Business/Financial Forecasting – sources of Finance-control of capital Issues: Securities and Exchange Board of India-WorkingcapitalManagement-ManagementofEarnings-DividendPolicyandDecision, Bonus Issue and Right Issue- Financial markets and Marketing of securities- Underwriting of capital issues- Merchant Banking – Investment Trusts and Mutual Funds- Long term Investment Decision: Capital Budgeting (Including Risk and Decision Tree Analysis)- Cash Flows for investment Analysis: Concepts and Determination- Lease Financing and Hire purchase- short term financing instruments. Mergers, Acquisitions and Restructuring- financial institutions & markets and derivativesinstruments.
Unit IV: Marketing environment and consumer behavior market segmentation targeting and positioning: product decisions, product mix, product life cycle: New product development: Brandingandpacking:Pricingmethodsandstrategies–promotionmixchannelManagement: Making of service: Customer relation management: New issues in Marketing,E-Marketing.
Unit – V: Role and scope of production management; facility location; layout planning and analysis; production planning and control – production process analysis; demand forecasting for operations: determinants of product mix; production scheduling: work measurement; time and motion study; statistical quality control. Role and scope of operations research.
Unit – VI: Managerial Economics: Demand analysis and demand forecasting, Production function cost–output relation, market structure and précising practices, national income concepts, business cycles Phase effects and controlling measure. Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship Concepts, Types, Motivation, Factors, Stages, Barriers, small scale Industries definition, Features steps in setting of a small Unit Problems and financial Institution support.
Unit – VII :Emerging Technologies in Management: Industry 4.0, Disruptive Technologies, Technology trends in Business – Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Digital Currency, Cryptocurrency, Blockchain,InternetofThings,ArtificialIntelligence,MachineLearning,Robotics,3DPrinting, Drones, Augmented and VirtualReality.
Unit – VIII : Business, International Business and Global Business – Meaning and Definition, International Business – Nature and Scope, Globalization – Issues, Opportunities and Challenges, International Business – Institutions and Regulations, Indian Politics and the International Business environment.